Fungal nail infection, called onychomycosis, is one of the most common nail problems. It usually starts at the tip of the nail and slowly spreads, causing the nail to change in color, thickness and shape.
What it looks like
- Yellow, white or brown discoloration
- A thickened nail
- Brittle, crumbly or ragged edges
- A distorted shape, or a nail that lifts from the nail bed
- Sometimes an odor, or debris under the nail
Why it happens
Fungi enter through tiny breaks in the skin or nail. Risk factors include older age, athlete's foot, sweaty or damp feet, nail injury, walking barefoot in public wet areas, diabetes, poor circulation and a weakened immune system.
It is not always fungus
Thick or discolored nails can also come from injury, psoriasis, and other conditions. Confirming the diagnosis, often with a small nail sample sent to a lab, helps ensure the treatment is the right one.
Treatment options
- Prescription medicines taken by mouth are among the more effective options. They require a review of your medical history and current medications, and sometimes blood tests.
- Medicated nail solutions applied to the nail are slower and work best for mild infections.
- Nail trimming and debridement by a clinician can reduce thickness and discomfort.
- Other approaches, such as lasers, have been studied, with more limited evidence, so ask what to expect before choosing them.
- Nail removal may be considered for a severely painful or damaged nail.
Be patient
A toenail grows slowly, taking many months to a year or more to grow out fully. The new healthy nail appears gradually from the base, so results take time, and the infection can come back.
Prevention
- Keep feet clean and dry, and change damp socks
- Trim nails straight across and keep them short
- Wear shower shoes in public pools and locker rooms
- Do not share nail clippers, and clean tools regularly
- Treat athlete's foot promptly
See a podiatrist if a nail is painful, changes color or shape, or if you have diabetes or circulation problems.
Dr. Ajdari sees patients in Metairie on the Southshore and in Slidell on the Northshore, serving the Greater New Orleans area. Request an appointment or call 985-326-8614.
This page is for general education and is not a substitute for an examination and advice from a qualified clinician. Treatment recommendations depend on your individual situation. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911.