Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain. The plantar fascia is a strong band of tissue that runs from the heel bone along the bottom of the foot and supports the arch. When it is overloaded, it becomes irritated and painful, most often near the heel.
Why it develops
- A sudden increase in walking, running or standing
- Tight calf muscles or limited ankle motion
- Flat feet or high arches, and other foot mechanics that strain the arch
- Unsupportive or worn footwear, or long hours on hard floors
- Added body weight
How it is diagnosed
The diagnosis is usually made from your history and an examination, including where the heel is tender. X-rays can rule out other causes such as a stress fracture, and a heel spur that appears on an X-ray is often not the cause of the pain. Other conditions that mimic plantar fasciitis, including nerve irritation and Achilles problems, are considered during the exam.
Treatment, step by step
Treatment generally begins with simple measures and moves on only when needed.
- Stretching and loading: plantar fascia and calf stretches, and gradual strengthening
- Footwear and support: supportive shoes, heel cushioning, over-the-counter or custom orthotics, and sometimes taping
- Activity changes: reducing the activities that provoke pain while staying as active as comfortable
- Night splints and physical therapy for persistent symptoms
- Anti-inflammatory medication when appropriate for you
- Further options for stubborn cases, such as shockwave therapy or injections, each with its own benefits and risks to discuss with your doctor
- Surgery: rarely needed, and considered after a long course of non-surgical care has not worked. The procedure is chosen based on the findings of your exam, including whether a tight calf is contributing.
What recovery looks like
Plantar fasciitis often improves slowly. Many people notice gradual progress over weeks to months, and the large majority improve with non-surgical care, though it can take longer in some. Sticking with stretching and supportive footwear, even after the pain eases, helps prevent a return.
When to be seen
- Heel pain that lasts more than a few weeks
- Severe pain, swelling or bruising, or pain after an injury
- Numbness, tingling or burning
- Pain that keeps you from walking normally
Matching treatment to the actual cause is the fastest way to get back on your feet.
This page is for general education and is not a substitute for an examination and advice from a qualified clinician. Treatment recommendations depend on your individual situation. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911.