A bunion that looks dramatic is not automatically a surgical problem, and a modest bunion can still be very painful. The decision usually has less to do with how the foot looks and more with how it affects your life.
Signs that surgery may be worth discussing
- Pain continues even after switching to roomier shoes, padding and orthotics
- The bunion limits walking, work, exercise or the shoes you can wear
- The big toe keeps drifting, or is pushing the second toe out of position
- You are developing related problems such as calluses, a crossed toe, or pain under the ball of the foot
- The joint is swollen or inflamed repeatedly
What surgery generally involves
Bunion surgery aims to realign the big toe joint and balance the soft tissues around it. Surgeons choose among several techniques based on the severity of the deformity, the shape of the foot and whether the joint is stiff or arthritic. Because the right operation varies from person to person, comparing your situation to someone else's can be misleading.
Questions to ask your surgeon
- Which procedure do you recommend for my foot, and why?
- What are the non-surgical alternatives, and how long should I try them?
- How long until I can put weight on the foot, return to work, drive and exercise?
- What are the risks, including recurrence and stiffness?
- What will rehabilitation look like?
A good consultation should leave you with a clear understanding of your options, including the option of waiting. If you are weighing bunion surgery, an evaluation with weight-bearing X-rays is the best first step.
This page is for general education and is not a substitute for an examination and advice from a qualified clinician. Treatment recommendations depend on your individual situation. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911.