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Congenital Foot Deformities

Some foot and ankle deformities are present from birth. They may be noticed in infancy or childhood, or may not cause problems until later in life. Pediatric patients are welcome.

Common congenital foot deformities

  • Clubfoot, in which the foot is turned inward and downward
  • Flatfoot, either flexible or rigid
  • Tarsal coalition, in which bones of the hindfoot are joined abnormally, limiting motion
  • High-arched (cavus) foot
  • Metatarsus adductus, in which the front of the foot curves inward
  • Vertical talus and other rare deformities of the hindfoot
  • Extra or fused toes, and curly or overlapping toes

Signs to watch for

  • A foot that points inward or outward, or looks different from the other
  • A flat foot that stays stiff, or pain in the foot or ankle with activity
  • Frequent ankle sprains or a tendency to trip
  • Trouble fitting shoes, or unusual wear on the soles
  • Pain that begins in adolescence or adulthood from a deformity that was always present

How it is evaluated

Evaluation includes an examination of how the foot looks and moves while standing and walking, a review of family and birth history, and imaging such as X-rays, with CT or MRI in some cases, for example when a tarsal coalition is suspected.

Treatment

Many mild, flexible problems are monitored and need no treatment. When treatment is needed, options include:

  • Stretching, and serial casting in infants for certain deformities
  • Shoe modifications, inserts and orthotics, and bracing
  • Physical therapy
  • Surgery for deformities that remain painful or limit function, such as releasing or removing a tarsal coalition, realigning bones, transferring tendons or fusing joints

Some conditions, such as clubfoot in infants, are often managed together with pediatric orthopedic specialists, and care is coordinated when that is the best approach.

Adults with congenital deformities

A deformity that has been present since birth can strain joints and tendons over the years, leading to pain, instability or arthritis. Treatment in adults focuses on relieving symptoms, improving alignment and protecting the joints.

What to expect at your visit

A first visit typically includes a review of your symptoms and history, an examination of the foot and ankle (often including how you stand and walk), and imaging such as X-rays when needed. Dr. Ajdari will explain your options, including non-surgical care, so the two of you can choose a plan that fits your goals. Dr. Ajdari sees patients in Metairie on the Southshore and in Slidell on the Northshore, serving the Greater New Orleans area.

This page is for general education and is not a substitute for an examination and advice from a qualified clinician. Treatment recommendations depend on your individual situation. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911.